CLINICAL PATHOLOGY, CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY

Module BIOCHIMICA CLINICA

The Integrated Course in Laboratory Medicine and Integrated Diagnostics aims to provide students with the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to understand the role of laboratory and microbiological diagnostics in the prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of major human diseases, integrating biochemical, microbiological, clinicopathological, and molecular data into diagnostic-therapeutic pathways. The course also introduces the principles of precision medicine, with particular reference to the integrated use of clinical, laboratory, genetic, and molecular information for patient and disease characterization and for guiding diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Knowledge and understanding

Students will acquire knowledge of the fundamentals of clinical biochemistry and the key molecules of biological interest used in laboratory diagnostics; they will understand the biochemical and pathophysiological significance of major laboratory parameters in relation to metabolic processes and organ functions. Applying knowledge and understanding

Students will be able to interpret key biochemical laboratory data in light of their knowledge of cellular and systemic biochemistry; they will be able to correlate alterations in biochemical parameters with the pathophysiological mechanisms of major diseases. Making judgments

Students will develop the ability to critically evaluate the reliability and clinical significance of biochemical results, taking into account biological variability and the clinical context.

Communication skills

Students will be able to use appropriate scientific terminology to describe and discuss the results of biochemical analyses in clinical and interdisciplinary settings.

Learning skills

Students will acquire an independent study method useful for the continuous updating of their knowledge in the field of clinical biochemistry.

Lectures and seminars.

Cooperative teaching (student-instructor) involving the sharing of educational materials and multimedia resources.

To ensure equal opportunities and in compliance with current regulations, students may contact CInAP (Center for Active and Participatory Integration – Services for Disabilities and/or Specific Learning Disorders) to request appropriate compensatory measures based on educational objectives and specific needs.

1) The use of laboratory data in clinical practice
2) Analysis of Urine
3) Biochemistry of nutrition
4) Liver function and Hepatitis tests

5) Blood cell count

6) Diabetes mellitus
7) Hypoglycemia
8) Free radicals in the physiology and in the pathology
9) Metabolism of ethanol and the pathology of alcoholism

10) Tumor markers
11) Notes on antiaging medicine.

Medicina di Laboratorio, G. Federici (Autore), – Mc GrawHill Medicina di laboratorio. 

Medicina di Laboratorio. La diagnosi di malattia nel laboratorio clinico, M. Laposata (Autore) - Piccin 

Medicina di Laboratorio. Logica e patologia clinica, I. Antonozzi, E. Gulletta (Autori) - Piccin

Medicina dell'Aging e dell'Antiaging. V. Calabrese et al. (Autori) - Edra

Nutrigenomica e Epigenetica. V. Calabrese et al. (Autori) - Edra

The assessment consists of an oral exam in which 2–3 questions will be asked for each module, covering at least 2–3 different topics from the syllabus. While the student answers the main questions, follow-up questions linked to the primary topic will be asked to allow the student to correct any errors, clarify partial answers, or supplement incomplete explanations.

The exam evaluates: i) the level of knowledge and understanding of the syllabus topics; ii) the ability to apply this knowledge to specific clinical situations; iii) clarity of presentation; and iv) command of medical-scientific terminology.

Grade 29–30 with honors: the student possesses in-depth knowledge of the required topics; is able to promptly and correctly integrate and critically analyze the situations presented, independently solving even highly complex problems; and demonstrates excellent communication skills and mastery of medical-scientific terminology.

Grade 26–28: the student possesses good knowledge of the required topics; is able to integrate and analyze the situations presented in a critical and logical manner; can solve complex problems with a reasonable degree of independence; and presents topics clearly using appropriate medical-scientific terminology.

Grade 22–25: the student possesses fair knowledge of the required topics, albeit limited to the main ones; is able to integrate and analyze the situations presented critically—though not always logically—and presents topics with reasonable clarity and a fair command of language.

Grade 18–21: the student possesses minimal knowledge of the required topics; demonstrates limited ability to integrate and critically analyze the situations presented; and presents topics with sufficient clarity, although command of language is not well-developed. Exam not passed: the student does not possess the minimum required knowledge of the course's core content. The ability to use specialized terminology is extremely limited or non-existent, and the student is unable to independently apply the knowledge acquired.

Urinalysis

Myocardial infarction: early and late diagnostic markers

Tumor markers

Free radicals and neurodegenerative diseases

Primary and secondary antioxidants and cancer

Vitagenes – Keap1, Nrf2, and HSF

Oxidative and non-oxidative ethanol metabolism

Urinalysis, hematuria, and proteinuria

If a person drinks two glasses of wine, what would the blood ethanol values ​​be regarding: Cmax and Tmax, AUC, half-life, ADH Km, ADH Vmax, as well as the legal limit for driving and the lethal blood alcohol concentration?