Morpho-Functional Sciences

Module Nutrition and clinical physiology

MODULE I


THE BASICS OF NUTRITION

Meaning of nutrition and feeding.

Alimony

Definition and classification.

Dietary principles

Carbohydrates and dietary fiber - General. Structure. Distribution in foods. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Role of carbohydrates in the body. Amount and type of carbohydrates recommended in the diet. Physiological importance of dietary fiber.

Dietary protein - General. Structure. Essential amino acids. Distribution in foods. Digestion and absorption of proteins. The role of proteins in the body. Recommended intake of protein in the diet.

Dietary lipids - General. Structure. Essential fatty acids. Distribution in foods. Digestion and absorption of lipids. Function of lipids in the diet and in the body. Lipid requirements.

Vitamins - General. Fat-soluble vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins. Digestion and absorption of vitamins. The role of vitamins in the body. Vitamin requirements.

Water - Water distribution in the body. Functions of body water.

Minerals - macroelements and microelements. Role of minerals in the body. Mineral requirements.

MODULE II

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Mechanical phenomena of digestion: motility of the gastrointestinal tract: peristalsis; rhythmic segmentation; tonic contraction. Swallowing. Gastric motility. Intestinal motility: intestinuo small intestine, large intestine, rectum. Bowel control. Mechanisms of motility.
Secretory phenomena of digestion: saliva and salivary glands; gastric juice; gastric mucosal barrier; pancreatic juice; bile; intestinal mucus; Control of secretions.
Pancreas: function (exocrine and endocrine).
Liver: functions. 
Digestion and absorption of food (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids). Absorption of vitamins and minerals.
Gastrointestinal hormones: gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, GIP, somatostatin, motilin, VIP.

Control of food intake
Nerve centers for the regulation of food intake. Factors that regulate the amount of food intake.

ADJUSTMENT OF THE ASSUMPTION OF WATER
Water balance: intake and elimination of water. Routes of elimination of water. Hormones regulating fluid and electrolyte balance: vasopressin, renin, angiotensin, aldosterone. Nervous structures delegated to the regulation of water: thirst center.

E. Carbone, F.Cicirata, G. Aicardi – FISIOLOGIA: Dalle molecole ai sistemi integrati - EdiSES

F. Evangelisti, P. Restani – PRODOTTI DIETETICI – Piccin