CLINICAL PATHOLOGY, CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY
Module Clinical pathology

Academic Year 2025/2026 - Teacher: STEFANIA STELLA

Expected Learning Outcomes

The course develops skills in the Clinical Pathology aiming to teach the student to apply, evaluate and interpret the laboratory tests used to study of the main diseases of the blood, alterations of the coagulative-fibrinolytic system, changes in liver and kidney function, some endocrinopathies, oncological and cardiovascular diseases. The student will be able to learn the biomarkers used in clinical pathology

Course Structure

Lessons are held in the classroom with the help of PDF presentations made available to students on the Studium portal. The presentations do not replace the reference texts, but serve as educational support for the program carried out. Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the program planned and outlined in the syllabus. 

Required Prerequisites

Knowledge of biochemistry and physiology

Attendance of Lessons

Compulsory attendance of at least 70% of the total hours of frontal lessons is required, with possible participation in courses and internships at clinical and molecular analysis laboratories enabled and equipped for practical/operational teaching. 

Detailed Course Content

The course is organized into theoretical lessons combined with exercises aimed to interpreter the results of different types of laboratory test.

Program:

1. Laboratory analysis: generalities and fundamental principles

2. The laboratory in haematological diseases: blood count and thalassemia 

3. The laboratory in hemostasis and coagulation

4. Plasma proteins and electrophoresis

5. Biomarkers used in clinical and oncology pathology

6. The laboratory medicine in the evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid

7. Liquid Biopsy Study: How to Use It for Laboratory Investigations

8. Methodologies applied in clinical pathology to detect gene mutations

Textbook Information

1. Federici G. Medicina di Laboratorio. Mc Graw-Hill Companies

2. Ciaccio M., Lippi G. Biochimica clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. EdiSES

Course Planning

 SubjectsText References
1Laboratory tests: generalities and fundamental principles.Book 1: chapter 1; Book 2 chapters: 1-4
2 The laboratory in haematological diseases: blood count and thalassemia Book 1: chapter 2; Book 2: chapter 11
3The laboratory in hemostasis and coagulationBook 1: chapter 9; Book 2: chapter 10PDF flyers
4Plasma proteins and electrophoresisBook 2: chapter  8; PDF flyers
5Biomarkers used in clinical and oncology pathologyBook 1: chapter 15; Book 2: chapters 28, 29
6Laboratory medicine in the evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluidBook 1: chapter 18; Book 2: chapters 30, 34
7Liquid Biopsy Study: How to Use It for Laboratory InvestigationsPDF flyers
8Methodologies applied in clinical pathology to detect gene mutationsPDF flyers

Learning Assessment

Learning Assessment Procedures

The test consists of an interview in which 2-3 questions will be asked that deal with at least 2-3 different topics of the program. The test allows to verify: i) the level of knowledge of the program topics; ii) the ability to apply this knowledge in dealing with specific clinical situations; iii) clarity of presentation; iv) the property of medical-scientific language.

For the attribution of the final grade, the following parameters will be taken into account:

 Grade 29-30 with honors: the student has a thorough knowledge of the required topics, is able to promptly and correctly integrate and critically analyze the situations presented, autonomously solving even highly complex problems; has excellent communication skills and masters medical-scientific language.

Grade 26-28: the student has a good knowledge of the required topics, is able to integrate and analyze the situations presented in a critical and linear way, is able to solve complex problems independently and presents the arguments clearly using medical language. appropriate scientific;

Grade 22-25: the student has a fair knowledge of the required topics, even if limited to the main topics; she succeeds in integrating and analyzing in a critical but not always linear way the situations presented and she exposes the arguments quite clearly with a discrete property of language;

Grade 18-21: the student has the minimum knowledge of the required topics, has a modest ability to integrate and critically analyze the situations presented and presents the topics in a sufficiently clear way although the language properties are not very developed;

Failed exam: the student does not have the minimum required knowledge of the main teaching contents. The ability to use language specific is very little or zero and is unable to independently apply the knowledge acquired.

The final grade is given by the weighted average of the marks obtained in the 3 modules.

Examples of frequently asked questions and / or exercises

Blood count test, protidogram, liquid biopsy, diabetes, methods for identifying biomarkers in clinical pathology