SCIENZE INFORMATICHE E GESTIONE DELLE IMMAGINI

Learning Objectives

• Electronic and computer bioengineering

  The training objective is to provide students with the basic tools for problem solving related to the use of biomedical instrumentation for diagnostics. In particular, it is intended to provide basic knowledge of radiologic detectors and electronic systems useful for the electrical signal treatment.

• Information processing systems: image formation

  The course aims to make the student familiar with the formation process of analog and digital images, in order to provide the tools for evaluating the goodness of an imaging system, the requirements necessary for achieving a certain image quality degree and the main approaches for image enhancement and noise/artifact removal.

• PRODUCTION TREATMENT MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE OF IMAGES

  The course aims to provide, in a first phase, the basic knowledge of X-ray physics concerning the production of radiological images. Then it takes into consideration the exposure parameters and the geometric parameters, the analog and digital detectors and their characteristics. The image management and archiving systems (RIS PACS) are also treated. Finally, knowledge on the principles of image formation in CT are provided.

Detailed Course Content

• Electronic and computer bioengineering

  General information on detectors: counters and integrator. The detectors properties. Gas Detectors: Principles. Proportional counters. Geiger counters. Sensitive gas detectors. Scintillators. Photomultiplier. General Physical Principles of Semiconductor Detectors.

  Fundamental principles of revelation. Equal electric power of the reviler. P-N junction. Noise in the detectors. Amplifiers and Preamps. ADC. QDC

  Furier Series Concept, Fourier Fathers of Some Simple Periodic Signals: Saw Tooth, Rectangular Wave, Triangular Wave. Discrete Spectrum of a Periodic Signal. Transformed non-periodic signal. Continuous spectrum. The function of Sinc. Limitations.

• Information processing systems: image formation

  Introduction to images. Analog and digital quantities. Examples of applications for digital images with emphasis on the medical field. Components of a vision system

  Human visual perception. Light and the electromagnetic spectrum. Image formation models. Image sensing. Sampling and quantization. Resolution and scaling. Aliasing and Moiré effect. Color representation. Color spaces.

  Techniques for image transformation. Histogram analysis. Spatial filters. 2D Fourier transform. Frequency analysis and transformation.

• PRODUCTION TREATMENT MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE OF IMAGES

  Radiology introduction: electromagnetic radiation, X-rays, X-ray tube, opacity and hyper-transparency. Introduction US. Exposure parameters, optical density, radiographic film.

  Geometric factors and linear tomography. Detector properties, film screens, IB. Digital radiography: CR and DR. Skull, Cephalometric teleradiography, Orthopantomography. Chest x-ray: criteria of correctness. Radiographic anatomy.

  RIS and PACS.

  Principles and history CT: gantry, detectors, generator, spiral and multidetector CT. CT parameters: exposure parameters (kV, mA, time) noise, Hounsfield scale.

Textbook Information

• Electronic and computer bioengineering

  Radiologia: elementi di tecnologia. Roberto Passariello. Gruppo editoriale Idelson-Gnocchi.

  Radiologia digitale computerizzata nella pratica clinica. Reginald E. Greene, Jorg-Wilhelm Oestmann. Gruppo editore Verducci.

  L’immagine radiologica: tecnologie e tecniche di acquisizione. Robert A. Fosbinder, Charles A. Kelsey. Edizione italiana a cura di Alessandro Beaux, Marco A. Ciccone, Mauro Guerrini.

  Fisica generale: elettromagnetismo relatività ottica. Edoardo Amaldi, Romano Bizzarri, Guido Pizzella. Gruppo editore Zanichelli.

  Fisica: elettromagnetismo-onde. Mazzoldi, Nigro, Voci. Gruppo editore EdiSES.

• Information processing systems: image formation

  Gonzalez, Woods, “Digital image processing”, 3^rd ed., Prentice Hall

• PRODUCTION TREATMENT MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE OF IMAGES

  RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY: Techniques and Methodologies in Radiodiagnostics - Fernando Mazzucato - Piccin editor